Which of the following factors is essential for effective landfill management?

Effective landfill management heavily relies on environmental monitoring. This practice involves systematic observation and measurement of various environmental parameters, such as air quality, groundwater levels, and potential pollution impacts, to ensure that the landfill operates within safety and regulatory standards. By continually monitoring these factors, landfill operators can detect any issues early, implement necessary controls, and minimize negative effects on surrounding ecosystems and communities. Environmental monitoring is crucial for maintaining compliance with environmental regulations and protecting public health, making it integral to responsible waste management practices in landfills.

In contrast, factors like residential development nearby can introduce complications, such as zoning issues and increased scrutiny, but they are not essential for effective management. Access to cheap labor might reduce operational costs, yet it does not directly relate to the core practices needed for managing a landfill responsibly. Similarly, maximizing operational costs would be counterproductive, as effective landfill management typically aims to optimize costs while ensuring environmental protection and compliance.